![]() ![]() By that time, the earliest ancient northern East Asian populations had emerged and mutations in a gene that is responsible for the development of skin tissue had also appeared these mutations are associated with typical features unique to East Asia such as thicker hair and more sweat glands, reflecting the influence of genetic selection in low ultraviolet environments. One of her team’s findings indicates that populations related to the Tianyuan Cave individual ( see photo) were widely distributed in East Asia before the Last Glacial Maximum (26,500–19,000 years ago) and may have disappeared at the end of this period. These findings reveal unique human diversity and provide insights into how the ancestries discovered by Fu’s team shaped the genetic makeup and adaptive traits of humans today. Fu has retrieved DNA from ancient human remains and sediments to construct an evolutionary map of Eurasian (especially East Asian) populations over the past 100,000 years. By using fractional calculus to further our understanding of the intricate dynamics of heat transfer, the flow of fluids and other physical phenomena, his work is contributing to new strategies for minimizing energy consumption and optimizing renewable energy systems.Ībdon Atangana is a Professor at the University of the Free State in in Bloemfontein, South Africa. This type of interdisciplinary research can be applied to industry, such as in the development of the cruise control function in cars. He has also introduced a new methodology for assessing the impact of infectious diseases on groundwater. He has suggested differential operators which can replicate complex processes that are hard to predict. These allow us to model complex phenomena to solve real-life problems such as the spread of infectious diseases, heat transfer problems, groundwater flow and contamination or weather patterns. Atangana has made significant contributions to the field of mathematics, particularly in the areas of fractional calculus, fractional differential equations, and mathematical modelling. To advance his work, Dr Ariel has established his own startup, APOLO Biotech, with the backing of the National Research Council (CONICET) in Argentina, where he is a group leader. This breakthrough will enable us to protect crops from pests and help them withstand heat waves using a GMO-free approach. One of his key achievements is the development of a platform to control gene expression in both plants and pathogens. He designs special RNA molecules that act as exogenous natural substances to help plants adapt to environmental stress and resist harmful pathogens, thereby reducing the need for synthetic pesticides. His work established the basis for the use of RNAs to deliver information to plants using an approach that avoids recourse to genetically modified organisms (GMOs). ![]() In much the same way that the emergence of RNA-based vaccines proved a life-saver during the recent pandemic, the development of RNA-based technologies that can replace harmful synthetic pesticides will ensure a safer environment for humans and nature. Office of International Standards and Legal Affairsĭr Ariel’s pioneering research has deepened our understanding of the role that long noncoding RNA plays in plants.“Ultimately, we want to explain under which circumstances we will see novel properties,” says Larissa Albantakis, a computational neuroscientist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.īut the study of emergence is, by turns, promising and maddeningly difficult. In both cases, simply understanding the basic constituents of the system doesn’t explain the phenomenon in question, never mind allow you to recreate it from scratch. Neuroscientists, meanwhile, find that consciousness seems to emerge from some collective behaviour of neurons. In physics, for example, some materials exhibit superconductivity, where large numbers of electrons can move without resistance, and yet it isn’t always clear why. ![]() ![]() “There is a sense in which nothing in science makes sense without emergence,” says Erik Hoel, a neuroscientist and author based in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Emergent phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and a proper grasp of how they come about could hold the key to solving some of our biggest mysteries. The wetness of water is an example of an “emergent” property: a phenomenon that can’t be explained by the fundamental properties of something’s constituent parts, but rather manifests only when those parts are extremely numerous. Put lots of them together in the right conditions, however, and you will get wet. There isn’t even anything wet about a single water molecule. Rain is, after all, just molecules composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and there is nothing wet about hydrogen or oxygen on their own. THE next time you get caught in a downpour, don’t think about how wet you are getting – but how you are getting wet. ![]()
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